Unit replacement is self explanatory. Failed masonry units should always be replaced. Failed units are dangerous; as they all too often brake away from a building and may damage property and or even endanger the public. Failed units are also unattractive and further speed up the deterioration of a building.
How can I tell if a unit is failed?
There are varying degrees of unit duress.
A unit may first show signs of stress with small spider web cracks.
As the unit is further stressed larger cracks will appear. At this point Water is freely entering the wall.
Units will often show signs of spalling.
Efflorescence will likely be present.
Lastly a sound masonry unit will not resonate.
How are these units replaced?
When it is determined that a unit has failed its cut out of the wall. A suitable replacement is re-laid and tuck pointed back into the opening. It is important that the joint surrounding the unit is properly and completely filled. The joints should then be tooled; this brings the Portland to the surface and gives a harder, water resistant joint.